European Union ndi imodzi mwamisika yofunika kwambiri yogulitsa kunja kwamakampani opanga nsalu ku China.Kuchuluka kwa nsalu ndi zovala zaku China zomwe zimatumizidwa ku EU kumakampani onse zidafika pachimake cha 21.6% mu 2009, kupitilira United States pamlingo.Pambuyo pake, gawo la EU mu malonda a nsalu ndi zovala ku China linachepa pang'onopang'ono, mpaka lidapititsidwa ndi ASEAN mu 2021, ndipo chiwerengerocho chinatsika mpaka 14.4% mu 2022. European Union ikupitilizabe kuchepa.Malinga ndi deta yaku China, kugulitsa nsalu ndi zovala ku China ku EU kuyambira Januware mpaka Epulo kudafika $ 10,7 biliyoni yaku US, kutsika kwapachaka kwa 20,5%, ndipo gawo lazogulitsa kunja kumakampani onse latsika mpaka 11,5%. .
UK nthawi ina inali gawo lofunikira pamsika wa EU ndipo idamaliza Brexit kumapeto kwa 2020. Pambuyo pa Brexit ya Brexit, zovala zonse za EU ndi zovala zochokera kunja zatsika ndi pafupifupi 15%.Mu 2022, zovala ndi zovala zaku China ku UK zidakwana madola 7.63 biliyoni.Kuyambira Januware mpaka Epulo 2023, zovala ndi zovala ku China ku UK zidakwana madola 1.82 biliyoni aku US, kutsika kwachaka ndi 13.4%.
Kuyambira chaka chino, kugulitsa nsalu ku China ku EU ndi msika waku English Market kwatsika, zomwe zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe chuma chake chikuyendera komanso njira zogulira kunja.
Analysis of Consumption Environment
Chiwongola dzanja chandalama chakwezedwa kangapo, zomwe zikukulitsa kufooka kwachuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamakwere bwino komanso kusakhazikika kwa ogula.
Kuyambira 2023, European Central Bank yakweza chiwongoladzanja katatu, ndipo chiwerengero cha chiwongoladzanja chawonjezeka kuchokera ku 3% mpaka 3.75%, chokwera kwambiri kuposa ndondomeko ya chiwongoladzanja cha Zero pakati pa 2022;Bank of England yakwezanso chiwongola dzanja kawiri chaka chino, pomwe chiwongola dzanja chikukwera mpaka 4.5%, onse akufika pamlingo wawo wapamwamba kwambiri kuyambira pamavuto azachuma a 2008.Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwongoladzanja kumawonjezera ndalama zobwereka, kulepheretsa kubwezeretsa ndalama ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, zomwe zimayambitsa kufooka kwachuma komanso kuchepa kwa ndalama zaumwini.M'gawo loyamba la 2023, GDP ya Germany idatsika ndi 0.2% pachaka, pomwe GDP ya UK ndi France idakwera ndi 0.2% ndi 0.9% pachaka, motsatana.Kukula kunatsika ndi 4.3, 10.4, ndi 3.6 peresenti poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha.M'gawo loyamba, ndalama zotayika za mabanja aku Germany zidakwera ndi 4.7% pachaka, malipiro odziwika a ogwira ntchito ku Britain adakwera ndi 5.2% pachaka, kuchepa kwa 4 ndi 3.7% motsatana poyerekeza ndi zomwezo. chaka chatha, ndipo mphamvu zogulira zenizeni za mabanja aku France zidatsika ndi 0.4% mwezi pamwezi.Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi lipoti la British Asadal supermarket chain, 80% ya ndalama zomwe mabanja aku Britain amapeza zidatsika mu Meyi, ndipo 40% ya mabanja aku Britain adagwa m'mavuto azachuma.Ndalama zenizeni sizokwanira kulipira ngongole ndi kudya zofunika.
Mtengo wonse ndi wokwera, ndipo mitengo ya ogula zovala ndi zovala zogulitsira zimasinthasintha ndikukwera, kufooketsa mphamvu yeniyeni yogulira.
Kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa ndalama zamadzimadzi komanso kuchepa kwa zinthu, maiko aku Europe nthawi zambiri akumana ndi zovuta za inflation kuyambira 2022. posachedwapa atsika kuchokera pamwamba pa 10% mu theka lachiwiri la 2022 kufika pa 7% mpaka 9%, koma adakali pamwamba pa mlingo wamba wa 2%.Mitengo yokwera yakweza kwambiri Mtengo wa moyo ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwa ogula.M'chigawo choyamba cha 2023, kugwiritsidwa ntchito komaliza kwa mabanja a ku Germany kunachepa ndi 1% pachaka, pamene ndalama zenizeni zogwiritsira ntchito mabanja a ku Britain sizinachuluke;Kugwiritsidwa ntchito komaliza kwa mabanja aku France kudatsika ndi 0.1% mwezi pamwezi, pomwe kuchuluka kwa zomwe anthu amadya atapatula zinthu zamtengo wapatali zidatsika ndi 0.6% mwezi pamwezi.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro amitengo yamitengo ya zovala, France, Germany, ndi United Kingdom sizinangotsika pang'onopang'ono ndikuchepetsa kutsika kwa inflation, komanso zidawonetsa kusinthasintha kokwera.Potengera kukula kwachuma kwapanyumba, mitengo yokwera imakhala ndi cholepheretsa chachikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito zovala.M'gawo loyamba la 2023, ndalama zogulira zovala zapakhomo ndi nsapato ku Germany zidakwera ndi 0.9% pachaka, pomwe ku France ndi UK, ndalama zogulira zovala zapakhomo ndi nsapato zidatsika ndi 0.4% ndi 3.8% pachaka. , ndi chiwerengero cha kukula chikutsika ndi 48.4, 6.2, ndi 27.4 peresenti motsatira poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha.Mu March 2023, malonda ogulitsa zovala zokhudzana ndi zovala ku France adatsika ndi 0.1% pachaka, pamene mu April, malonda ogulitsa zovala zokhudzana ndi zovala ku Germany adatsika ndi 8,7% pachaka;M'miyezi inayi yoyamba, malonda ogulitsa zovala zokhudzana ndi zovala ku UK adawonjezeka ndi 13,4% pachaka, akuchepa ndi 45,3 peresenti poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha.Ngati kukwera kwamitengo sikuphatikizidwa, malonda enieni ogulitsa kwenikweni ndi zero kukula.
Kuwunika momwe zinthu ziliri
Pakali pano, kuchuluka kwa nsalu ndi zovala ku EU kwawonjezeka, pamene kunja kwatsika kwatsika.
Kuchuluka kwa msika wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsalu ndi zovala ku EU ndikwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chakuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zinthu zodziyimira pawokha za EU mu nsalu ndi zovala, kugulitsa kunja ndi njira yofunika kuti EU ikwaniritse zofuna za ogula.Mu 1999, chiŵerengero cha katundu wa kunja kwa nsalu zonse za EU ndi zovala zochokera kunja zinali zosakwana theka, 41.8% yokha.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, kupitirira 50% kuyambira 2010, mpaka kubwereranso pansi pa 50% kachiwiri mu 2021. Kuchokera ku 2016, EU yatumiza kunja kwa $ 100 biliyoni ya nsalu ndi zovala kuchokera kunja chaka chilichonse, ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa $ 153.9 biliyoni mu 2022.
Kuyambira 2023, kufunikira kwa nsalu ndi zovala zochokera kunja kwa EU kwatsika, pomwe malonda amkati akupitilira kukula.M'gawo loyamba, ndalama zokwana madola 33 biliyoni za US zinatumizidwa kuchokera kunja, kuchepa kwa chaka ndi chaka ndi 7.9%, ndipo chiwerengerocho chatsika mpaka 46.8%;Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa nsalu ndi zovala mkati mwa EU unali madola 37.5 biliyoni a US, kuwonjezeka kwa 6.9% chaka ndi chaka.Kuchokera ku dziko ndi dziko, m'gawo loyamba, Germany ndi France adaitanitsa nsalu ndi zovala kuchokera ku EU zidakwera ndi 3.7% ndi 10.3% chaka ndi chaka, pamene kunja kwa nsalu ndi zovala kuchokera kunja kwa EU kunatsika ndi 0.3 % ndi 9.9% motsatira chaka ndi chaka.
Kutsika kwa katundu wa nsalu ndi zovala kuchokera ku European Union ku UK ndi kochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi katundu wochokera kunja kwa EU.
Kugulitsa nsalu ndi zovala ku Britain kumachita malonda ndi kunja kwa EU.Mu 2022, UK anaitanitsa okwana mapaundi biliyoni 27.61 za nsalu ndi zovala, amene 32% okha anatumizidwa kuchokera EU, ndi 68% anatumizidwa kuchokera kunja EU, otsika pang'ono kuposa pachimake 70.5% mu 2010. Kuchokera deta, Brexit sinakhudze kwambiri malonda a nsalu ndi zovala pakati pa UK ndi EU.
Kuyambira Januware mpaka Epulo 2023, UK idagulitsa nsalu ndi zovala zokwana mapaundi 7.16 biliyoni, pomwe kuchuluka kwa nsalu ndi zovala zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku EU zidatsika ndi 4.7% pachaka, kuchuluka kwa nsalu ndi zovala zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku EU. kunja kwa EU kunatsika ndi 14.5% chaka ndi chaka, ndipo gawo la katundu wochokera kunja kwa EU linatsikanso ndi 3.8 peresenti pachaka kufika pa 63.5%.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, gawo la China mu EU ndi UK misika yogulitsa nsalu ndi zovala yakhala ikuchepera chaka ndi chaka.
Chaka cha 2020 chisanafike, gawo la China pamsika wogulitsa nsalu ndi zovala ku EU lidafika pachimake cha 42.5% mu 2010, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo latsika chaka ndi chaka, kutsika mpaka 31.1% mu 2019. kwa European Union masks, zovala zoteteza ndi zinthu zina.Kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa zida zopewera miliri kudakweza gawo la China pamsika wogula nsalu ndi zovala kuchokera ku EU kufika pa 42.7%.Komabe, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, popeza kufunikira kwa zida zopewera miliri kwatsika kuchokera pachimake, ndipo malo azamalonda apadziko lonse ayamba kukhala ovuta, gawo la msika la nsalu ndi zovala zomwe China zimagulitsidwa kunja ku European Union zabwerera kumunsi, mpaka kufika. 32.3% mu 2022. Ngakhale kuti msika wa China watsika, gawo la msika la mayiko atatu aku South Asia monga Bangladesh, India, ndi Pakistan lakula kwambiri.Mu 2010, zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsalu ndi zovala za mayiko atatu aku South Asia zidangokhala 18.5% yokha ya msika wakunja wa EU, ndipo gawoli lidakwera mpaka 26.7% mu 2022.
Kuyambira pomwe lamulo lotchedwa "Xinjiang Related Act" ku United States linayamba kugwira ntchito, malonda akunja amakampani opanga nsalu ku China akhala ovuta komanso ovuta.Mu Seputembala 2022, European Commission idapereka zomwe zimatchedwa "Forced Labor Ban", ndikulimbikitsa kuti EU ichitepo kanthu kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa mokakamiza pamsika wa EU.Ngakhale EU sinalengezebe momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera komanso tsiku logwira ntchito, ogula ambiri asintha ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwawo kolowera kuti apewe zoopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabizinesi aku China awonjezere kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kunja, zomwe zikukhudza kukula kwachindunji kwa nsalu zaku China. zovala.
Kuyambira Januware mpaka Epulo 2023, gawo la msika waku China pazovala ndi zovala zochokera kunja kuchokera ku European Union linali 26.9% yokha, kuchepa kwa 4.1 peresenti poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha, ndipo gawo lonse la mayiko atatu aku South Asia adapitilira 2.3 peresenti. mfundo.Malingana ndi dziko, gawo la China pamisika yogulitsa nsalu ndi zovala ku France ndi Germany, mayiko omwe ali mamembala a European Union, achepa, ndipo gawo lake pamsika wogulitsa kunja ku UK lawonetsanso momwemo.Kuyambira Januware mpaka Epulo 2023, kuchuluka kwa nsalu ndi zovala zotumizidwa ndi China m'misika yotumiza kunja ku France, Germany, ndi UK kunali 27.5%, 23.5%, ndi 26.6%, motsatana, kuchepa kwa 4.6, 4.6, ndi 4.1 peresenti. mfundo poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-17-2023