European Union ndi imodzi mwamisika yofunikira yotumiza mafakitale a China. Gawo la zovala ndi zovala zomwe zatumizidwa kunja kwa EU malinga ndi mafakitale yonseyi adafika pachimake cha 21.6% mu 2009, ndikupambana United States mogwirizana. Pambuyo pake, kuchuluka kwa EU mu nsalu ya China ndi zovala kunja kwachepa, mpaka kunapitilira ndi Asean mu 2021, ndipo gawo la kunja kwa ku Europe la ziwalo zapitilirabe kuchepa. Malinga ndi deta yaku China, kunja kwa China zolembedwa ndi zovala kuyambira Januwale mpaka pazaka 10.7%, ndi gawo la kunja kwa makampani onse atachepa mpaka 11.5%.
UK inali gawo lofunikira kumsika wa EU ndikumalizidwa bwino kumapeto kwa 2020. Pambuyo pa Brexit's Brexit, Zovala Zazidziwitso za EU zomwe zalembedwa pafupifupi 15%. Mu 2022, chojambula cha China ndi zovala zochokera ku UK zopatulika pafupifupi 7.6 biliyoni. Kuyambira Januware mpaka pa Epulo 2023, kugulitsa kunja kwa ana ndi zovala ku UK kunakwana madola a US 1,82, kuchepa kwa chaka cha 13.4%.
Kuyambira chaka chino, kutumiza kwa mafakitale a China ndi Msika wa English watsika, komwe kumakhudzana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika.
Kusanthula kwa kudya
Chuma chachuma cha ndalama takulira kangapo, kukulitsa kufooka chachuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zapanyumba zizikhala zopanda pake komanso zosakhazikika.
Kuyambira 2023, European Central Bank idakweza chiworkreko nthawi zitatu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa benchmark kwachuluka kuchokera pa 3% mpaka 3.75%, kwakukulu kuposa ndondomeko ya zero pakati pa 2022; Bank of England yakweza chiwongola dzanja kawiri chaka chino, ndi chiwongola dzanja chokwera mpaka 4.5%, onsewo akufika pamlingo wawo wapamwamba kuyambira pazachuma chachuma cha 2008. Kuchuluka kwa milingo ya chiwongola dzanja kumawonjezera mtengo wake wobwereka, kusokoneza kubwezeretsa ndalama ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kumapangitsa kufooka chachuma komanso kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama. Mu kotala yoyamba ya 2023, GDMANY's Germany idatsika ndi 0,2% chaka ndi chaka, pomwe GDP ya UK ndi France idawonjezeka ndi 0,2% ndi 0,9% chaka chimodzi, motsatana. Kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa 4.3, 10.4, ndi 3.6 peresenti mfundo poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha. Mu kotala loyamba, ndalama zotayika za mabanja achi Germany zidawonjezeka ndi 4,7% chaka ndi chaka, kusamvana kwa chaka cha Britain. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi dzina la Tchermation Superket Tchermation Surket, 80% ya ndalama zotayidwa ndi mabanja aku Britain zidagwa mu Meyi, ndipo 40% ya mabanja aku Britain adayamba kuwononga ndalama. Chuma chokha sichokwanira kulipira ngongole ndikugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira.
Mtengo wonse wa zovala ndi zovala zamafuta ndi kusinthasintha ndikutuluka, kufooketsa mphamvu yeniyeni yogula.
Zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika kwambiri komanso kusowa kwazinthu zina, mayiko aku Europe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la 2022 mpaka 7% mpaka 9%. Mitengo yayikulu yakwera mtengo wokwera ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa ogula. Mu kotala loyamba la 2023, kugwiritsa ntchito mabanja omaliza kumachepetsa 1% chaka-pachaka, pomwe ndalama zenizeni zomwe mabanja aku Britain sanawonjeze; Kumwa komaliza kwa nyumba za ku France kunachepa ndi mwezi wa 0,1
Kuchokera pakuwona mitengo, France, Germany, ndi United Kingdom sinangofooka pang'ono pang'ono ndi kupsinjika kwa inflation, komanso kunawonetsa kusintha kwakukulu. Potengera chakumbuyo kwa mitengo yosauka ya nyumba, mitengo yayikulu imakhala ndi mphamvu yothandiza pa zovala. Mu kotala loyamba la 2023, zovala zapakhomo ndi zonga nsapato zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Germany. Mu Marichi 2023, kugulitsa malonda okhudzana ndi zovala ku France kunatsika ndi 0,1% chaka chimodzi, pomwe pa Epulo, pomwe pachaka cholumikizira zovala ku Germany adachepa 8.7% chaka chimodzi; M'miyezi inayi yoyamba, kugulitsa malonda okhudzana ndi zovala ku UK kuwonjezeka kwa zaka 13.4% chaka chimodzi, kuchepa ndi mfundo 45.3 peresenti poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha. Ngati mtengo wa mtengo suchotsedwa, malonda ogulitsa enieni ndi akukula.
Kusanthula Kusanthula
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa nsalu ndi zovala mkati mwa EU kwachuluka, pomwe zotuluka zakunja zachepa.
Zogulitsa zamtundu wa EU zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zovala ndizokulirapo, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono kwa EU mu mawonekedwe ndi zovala, zotuluka zakunja ndi njira yofunika kwambiri kuti EU ikwaniritse kufunika kwa ogula. Mu 1999, kuchuluka kwa zotuluka zakunja mpaka zolembedwa ndi zojambula zomwe sizingachitike zinali zosakwana theka, 41.8%. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, gawo lakulira chaka, kupitirira 50% kuyambira pa 2010, mpaka itafikanso pansi pa 50%. Kuyambira pa 20%. Kuyambiranso 1 biliyoni ndi mtengo wochokera kwa $ 153.9 biliyoni mu 2022.
Kuyambira 2023, kufunafuna komwe kwalembedwa kunja ndi zovala kunja kwa EU wakana, pomwe malonda amkati amasunga kukula. Mu kotala yoyamba, yokwanira 33 biliyoni ya US idatengedwa kuchokera panja, kuchepa kwa chaka chimodzi cha 7.9%, ndipo gawo lachepa mpaka 46.8%; Mtengo wophatikizidwa ndi zovala mkati mwa eu anali madola 37.5 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka 6.9%. Kuchokera kudzikonda ndi dziko lapansi, mu kotala loyamba, maboma a Germany ndi France omwe ali ndi zaka 3.3% ndi 9.3% ndi 9,9% chaka chilichonse.
Kutsika kwa kapangidwe kake ndi zolemba zojambulidwa ku European Union ku UK ndi kocheperako kuposa zotuluka kunja kwa EU.
Kutulutsa kwa mapangidwe ndi zovala ndi zovala kumagulitsa makamaka kunja kwa EU. Mu 2022, UK inaitanitsa mapaundi okwana 27.61 biliyoni a zojambula ndi zovala, zomwe 32% zomwe zidatumizidwa kunja kwa eu, zotsika pang'ono kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi zovala zapakati pa UK ndi EU.
Kuyambira Januwale mpaka pa Epulo 2023, UK idatumiza ndalama zokwana 7.16 mabizinesi ndi zovala, zomwe kuchuluka kwa zolembedwazo 63.5%.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, gawo la China mu EU ndi zovala za UK ndi zovala zomwe zakhala zikuchepa chaka ndi chaka.
Pamasamba 2020, China pamsika wa EU adafika pachimake cha 42.5% mu 2010, ndipo kuyambira pa 31.1% mu 31.1% mu 31.1% mu 31.1% mu 31.1% mu 31.1% mu 31.1% mu 31.1% mu 31.1% mu 31.1. Kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa zida zopewa zolepheretsa ku China kumapangitsa kuti pakhale gawo la EU lolemba ndi zovala zoyambira 42.7%. Komabe, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, pakufunikira kuphedwa zida zawo, ndipo malo ogulitsa apadziko lonse lapansi ayamba kuvuta, kufika pa 32.3% mu 2022. Mu 2010, zojambulajambula ndi zovala za mayiko atatu aku South Asia zimawerengera 18,5% yokha ya msika wa EU, ndipo gawo ili linapitilira mpaka 26.7% mu 2022.
Chiyambireni chotchedwa "Xinjiang chofala" Xinjiang ku United States chinayamba kugwira ntchito, malonda akunja omwe amagulitsa mafakitale a China amakhala ovuta komanso owopsa. Mu Seputembara 2022, Commission ku Europe idathamangitsidwa "kukonzekera ntchito yoletsedwa" Ngakhale EU sinalengeze ntchitoyi komanso yothandiza polemba, ogula ambiri asintha ndikuchepetsa mabizinesi aku China kuti athetse ziwopsezo zakunja, zovala zapadera zaku China, zomwe zikugulitsidwa.
Kuyambira pa Januware mpaka pa Epulo 2023, msika wa China umagawana nawo zolemba ndi zovala zochokera ku European Union anali 26.9%, kuchuluka kwa mayiko omwe am'mwera ku South Asia adaposa 2,3 peresenti. Kuchokera pamalingaliro amtundu wa dziko, gawo la China lomwe lili ndi misika yojambula ndi zovala za France ndi Germany, yemwe anali ndi maiko akuluakulu a ku European Union, ndipo gawo lake mu msika waku UK wasonyezanso zochitika zomwezo. Kuyambira Januware mpaka pa Epulo 2023, gawo la zojambula ndi zovala zomwe zimatumizidwa ku China m'misika yaku France, Germany, ndi 4,6%, ndi 41%.
Post Nthawi: Jul-17-2023