Pambuyo pazaka pafupifupi ziwiri zakukambirana, Nyumba Yamalamulo ku Europe idavomereza mwalamulo njira ya EU Carbon Border Regulation Mechanism (CBAM) itatha kuvota.Izi zikutanthauza kuti msonkho woyamba wa kaboni padziko lonse lapansi watsala pang'ono kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo bilu ya CBAM iyamba kugwira ntchito mu 2026.
China idzayang'anizana ndi kuzungulira kwatsopano kwachitetezo cha malonda
Chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma padziko lonse, njira yatsopano yotetezera malonda yatulukira, ndipo dziko la China, lomwe ndi lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, lakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Ngati mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi ku America abwereketsa nyengo ndi zochitika zachilengedwe ndikuika "mitengo ya carbon", China idzayang'anizana ndi chitetezo chatsopano cha malonda.Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa muyezo wogwirizana wa mpweya wa kaboni padziko lonse lapansi, mayiko monga Europe ndi America akakhazikitsa "mitengo ya kaboni" ndikukhazikitsa miyezo ya carbon yomwe ili ndi zofuna zawo, mayiko ena amathanso kuyika "mitengo ya carbon" molingana ndi miyezo yawo. zomwe mosakayikira zidzayambitsa nkhondo yamalonda.
Zogulitsa kunja kwa China zotulutsa mphamvu zambiri zidzakhala mutu wa "carbon tariffs"
Pakalipano, maiko omwe akufuna kukakamiza "mitengo ya carbon" makamaka ndi mayiko otukuka monga Europe ndi America, ndipo katundu wa China ku Ulaya ndi America sali ochuluka kwambiri, komanso akugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zowononga mphamvu zambiri.
Mu 2008, katundu wa China ku United States ndi European Union makamaka anali zinthu zamakina ndi magetsi, mipando, zoseweretsa, nsalu, ndi zopangira, zogulitsa kunja kwa $225.45 biliyoni ndi $243.1 biliyoni, motero, zomwe zimawerengera 66.8% ndi 67.3% ya Zogulitsa zonse za China ku United States ndi European Union.
Zogulitsa kunja izi nthawi zambiri zimawononga mphamvu zambiri, zimakhala ndi mpweya wambiri, komanso zinthu zotsika mtengo, zomwe zimangotengera "mitengo ya kaboni".Malinga ndi lipoti la kafukufuku wochokera ku World Bank, ngati "carbon tariff" ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, kupanga ku China kungayang'ane ndi mtengo wapakati wa 26% pamsika wapadziko lonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabizinesi omwe akufuna kutumiza kunja achuluke komanso kuchepa kwa 21%. mu volume yotumiza kunja.
Kodi mitengo ya kaboni imakhudza makampani opanga nsalu?
Mitengo ya carbon imaphimba zitsulo, aluminiyamu, simenti, feteleza, magetsi, ndi haidrojeni kuchokera kunja, ndipo zotsatira zake pamafakitale osiyanasiyana sizingafanane.Makampani opanga nsalu samakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi mitengo ya carbon.
Ndiye kodi mitengo ya kaboni idzafalikira ku nsalu mtsogolomo?
Izi ziyenera kuwonedwa kuchokera ku ndondomeko ya ndalama za carbon tariffs.Chifukwa chokhazikitsa mitengo ya carbon mu European Union ndikuletsa "kutulutsa mpweya" - kutanthauza makampani a EU omwe amasamutsa zopanga kupita kumayiko omwe ali ndi njira zochepetsera zochepetsera mpweya (mwachitsanzo, kusamutsa mafakitale) kuti apewe kukwera mtengo kwa carbon mu EU.Chifukwa chake, mitengo ya kaboni imangoyang'ana m'mafakitale omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha "kutulutsa mpweya", omwe ndi "owonjezera mphamvu komanso malonda owonekera (EITE)".
Ponena za mafakitale omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha "carbon leakage", European Commission ili ndi mndandanda wovomerezeka womwe pakadali pano ukuphatikiza zochitika kapena zinthu 63 zachuma, kuphatikiza zinthu zotsatirazi zokhudzana ndi nsalu: "Kukonzekera ndi kupota ulusi wa nsalu", "Kupanga zinthu zopanda pake" nsalu zolukidwa ndi zopangira zake, kupatula zovala”, “Kupanga ulusi wopangidwa ndi anthu”, ndi “kumaliza kwa nsalu zoluka”.
Ponseponse, poyerekeza ndi mafakitale monga zitsulo, simenti, zoumba, ndi kuyenga mafuta, nsalu si makampani otulutsa mpweya wambiri.Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mitengo ya kaboni kungachuluke m'tsogolomu, kumangokhudza ulusi ndi nsalu, ndipo ndizotheka kukhala kumbuyo kwa mafakitale monga kuyenga mafuta, zoumba, ndi kupanga mapepala.
Osachepera zaka zingapo zoyambirira zisanakhazikitsidwe mitengo ya kaboni, mafakitale a nsalu sangakhudzidwe mwachindunji.Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti kugulitsa nsalu kunja sikungakumane ndi zopinga zobiriwira zochokera ku European Union.Njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe bungwe la EU likukonza pansi pa ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya "Circular Economy Action Plan", makamaka "Sustainable and Circular Textile Strategy", iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi makampani opanga nsalu.Zimasonyeza kuti m'tsogolomu, nsalu zomwe zimalowa mu msika wa EU ziyenera kudutsa "malo obiriwira".
Nthawi yotumiza: May-16-2023